Titration (Strong Acid-Weak Base) & pH Curves

Titrations

The amount of acid or base in a solution can be determined by titration.The process of titration involves a solution of known concentration (titrant) delivered from a buret into the solution of unknown concentration until the stoichiometric point is achieved. The key point in acid-base titration is to calculate the pH of the solution when different amount of the titrant are added. A pH curve is a plot of the pH changes in the solution as a function of the amount of titrant added. 

There are three types of Acid-Base titration:

• Strong Acid-Strong Base Titrations
• Titrations of Weak Acids with Strong Bases
• Titrations of Weak Bases with Strong Acids

The millimole (abbreviated mmol) is very common unit used in titrations:

        mmol = Molarity x mL solution = 10^-3 mol

This module is for one of the three possible cases of titration. By choosing a titrant of known concentration and an unknown solution, the key numbers (initial pH, pH at the equilibrium point and the volume needed to get the equilibrium) and pH curves can be calculated.

Titrations of Weak Bases with Strong Acids

In the titration of 100.0mL of  0.050M NH₃ with 0.100M HCl (K_b = 1.8 x 10^-5),

• When no HCl has been added

    Initial moles of OH^- = 0.050M x 100.0mL = 5.0mmol

    x² (K_b x 0.050) = 9.0 x 10^-7 and x 9.49 x 10^-4

    pH = 14.0 + log(x) = 10.98

• When 50.0mL of 0.100M HCl has been added

    Initial moles of NH₃ =  5.0mmol

    Added H⁺ moles = 50.0mL x 0.100 M = 5.0mmol

At this point, all the original NH₃ has been converted to NH₄⁺.

    [NH₄⁺]₀ = 5.0mmol / (100.0mL + 50.0mL) = 0.033M

    [H⁺]₀ 0

    [NH₃]₀ 0

   Equilibrium    

    [NH₄⁺] =  0.033M - x

    [H⁺] = x

    [NH₃] = x

    K_a = K_w /K_b = [NH₃] [H⁺] / [NH₄⁺] = x²  / (0.033 - x)  x²  / 0.033 = 5.6 x 10^-10

    x = 4.32 x 10^-6

    pH = - log([H⁺]) = 5.37       

 User Instructions

This is one step process, enter the known data and press Calculate to output the unknowns.

1. Select Strong Acid/Weak Base link from the front page or Strong Acid/Weak Base tab from the Acid, Baseand Salt module. The Input and Output screen appears.

2. In the Input area, enter the known quantities with a proper significant figure with the above example.

3. Click Calculate to output the answer.

 

4. The Show Work area on the right shows you step-by-step how your problem has been solved.

To start a new problem, click Reset. All Input fields will be cleared. Follow Step 1-3 again.